Playing Pygmalion: How People Create One Another

皮格馬利翁效應

基本信息

Author：Ruthellen Josselson

Format：Paperback | 166 pages

Dimensions：154 x 232 x 13mm | 254g

Publication date：18 Jun 2007

Publisher：Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Language：English

ISBN10：0765704889

ISBN13：9780765704887

頁面參數僅供參考，具體以實物為準

書籍簡介

就像在古希臘神話中，皮格馬利翁愛上了他親手雕塑的加拉泰亞，每個人也在“創造”着生活中自我和他人的角色。雖然，他人在我們看來就是他們本來的樣子，是我們“發現”了他們，但是關係中包含着無意識的複雜心理過程，引導我們用自己構建的方式去感受他人。心理分析理論使得我們能夠很好地理解人們如何無意識地創造其需要和恐懼，但大多數治療師對此沒有深刻的理解。治療師經常變得和病人一樣，忽略了在人際關係中創造他人時自己所扮演的角色，使得病人好像只是不幸“有”個冷漠的母親，或者“找了”一個缺乏愛心的伴侶。其實，每個人都像一位導演，在舞台上將其他人塑造成某一個角色，而其他人也會將我們塑造成他們劇本當中的角色。《皮格馬利翁的故事》試圖用心理學的術語來追溯人與人之間微妙的相互作用。這本書採用了過渡對象使用和投射識別的精神分析概念，以顯示它們的重要性和適用性，超越治療情況，以理解人們的關係生活。書中還從文學作品、電影和臨牀工作中舉例説明了這一理論，並進一步深入探討了四對普通人的關係敍事，以證明人們是如何無意識地“創造”彼此的。這些故事表明，“他者”總是超出一個人的想象。讀者不可避免地會反思他們之間的一些重要關係，比如他們是如何創造人的，還是被人創造的。這可能會讓他們看到這個人的其他方面，看看他們是如何選擇性地看待一個存在於他們關係之外的人。這些故事也為治療師提供了警示，他們開始相信病人對生活中重要人物的構建是簡單的現實。

Like Pygmalion with his Galatea, we create the characters of people in our lives. Although others appear to us to be who they just 'are', there are complicated psychological processes, outside of our awareness, that lead us to experience people in ways that we ourselves construct. Psychoanalytic theory offers a wealth of understanding of how people unconsciously create what they both need and dread. But these processes are not well understood by most therapists. Too often, therapists join their patients in overlooking their own role in creating the relationships in their lives, such that it seems that patients were simply unfortunate to 'have' an un-giving mother or to 'find' an unloving spouse. Because processes of creation in relationship are largely unconscious, they are much harder to see. As a result, most theorists of relationships acknowledge that they exist, but offer little language or explication for how they unfold or manifest themselves. Playing Pygmalion is an effort to trace in psychological terms the subtle interplay by which people create the other. This book adapts the psychoanalytic concepts of transitional object usage and projective identification to show their importance and applicability beyond the therapeutic situation to the understanding of people's relational lives. Using examples from literature, film and clinical work to illustrate the theory, the book goes on to consider in depth the relationship narratives of four pairs of ordinary people to demonstrate how people unconsciously 'create' one another. The stories demonstrate that the 'other' is always more than one conceives him or her to be. Readers inevitably rethink some of their important relationships in terms of how they are creating people or being created by them. This may lead them to take in other aspects of the person, to see how they are looking very selectively at a human being who exists beyond their relationship. These stories also provide cautionary tales to therapists who begin to believe in the simple reality of their patients' constructions of important people in their lives.

作者簡介

朱瑟琳·喬塞爾森，著名心理學大師歐文·亞隆的得意門生，執業心理治療師，密歇根大學臨牀心理學博士，哈佛教育研究生院訪問學者，耶路撒冷希伯來大學富爾萊特法案基金心理學教授。她的其他著作還有：《發現她自己：女性認同發展之路》(1987)。她還發表了很多關於青少年、女性和敍事的文章。

Ruthellen Josselson, Ph.D. is professor of psychology at The Fielding Graduate University and was formerly professor at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem as well as at Harvard University. Recipient of the Henry A. Murray Award from the American Psychological Association and a Fulbright Fellowship, she is also a practicing psychotherapist. Her research interests focus on the use of narrative to understand people's life histories and she has authored several books on relationships and on women's identity. She has also co-edited the series The Narrative Study of Lives.

目錄

Chapter 1 Foreword

Chapter 2 Creating one another

Chapter 3 Recreating the other in memory

Chapter 4 You are what I can't bear in myself: Donna and Roberta

Chapter 5 No feelings allowed on the stage: Mark and Joan

Chapter 6 A daughter is a daughter: Mary and Lavinia

Chapter 7 Secure Knots: Tom and Kathy

Chapter 8 Pygmalion and Galatea

Chapter 9 References