Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism

基本信息

by Mahmood Mamdani (Author, Preface By)

Series:Princeton Studies in Culture/Power/History

Format:Paperback / softback 384 pages

Publisher:Princeton University Press

Imprint:Princeton University Press

ISBN:9780691180427

Published:1 May 2018

Weight:558g

Dimensions:159 x 234 x 24 (mm)

頁面參數僅供參考，具體以實物為準

書籍簡介

在分析非洲獨立後的民主化障礙時，馬哈茂德·馬姆達尼對殖民主義的遺產進行了大膽而深刻的闡述--一種通過部落組織的地方當局調解種族統治的分叉權力，在公民中重現種族身份，在主體中重現民族身份。許多作家將殖民統治理解為“直接”（法國）或“間接”（英國），第三種變體--種族隔離--是例外。馬姆達尼指出，這種温和的術語掩蓋了這樣一個事實，即這些實際上是專制主義的變種。直接統治以種族為由剝奪了臣民的權利，而間接統治則將他們納入“習俗”的統治模式，由國家任命的本土當局來定義習俗。通過挖掘文化中的專制可能性，並使文化具有專制傾向，間接統治（分散的專制主義）為非洲設定了步伐；法國人緊隨其後，從直接管理轉變為間接管理，而種族隔離制度則相對較晚出現。馬姆達尼指出，種族隔離制度實際上是非洲殖民國家的一般形式。

通過對農村（烏干達）和城市（南非）抵抗運動的案例研究，我們瞭解到這些制度特徵是如何使抵抗分裂的，以及國家如何傾向於在一個部門的改革與另一個部門的鎮壓之間進行博弈。其結果是對非洲的殖民統治及其持久的影響進行了突破性的重新評估。改革一個在制度上強化了城鄉之間和種族之間緊張關係的權力，是任何對非洲民主改革感興趣的人的關鍵挑戰。

In analyzing the obstacles to democratization in post- independence Africa, Mahmood Mamdani offers a bold, insightful account of colonialism’s legacy?—?a bifurcated power that mediated racial domination through tribally organized local authorities, reproducing racial identity in citizens and ethnic identity in subjects. Many writers have understood colonial rule as either “direct” (French) or “indirect” (British), with a third variant?—?apartheid?—?as exceptional. This benign terminology, Mamdani shows, masks the fact that these were actually variants of a despotism. While direct rule denied rights to subjects on racial grounds, indirect rule incorporated them into a “customary” mode of rule, with state-appointed Native Authorities defining custom. By tapping authoritarian possibilities in culture, and by giving culture an authoritarian bent, indirect rule (decentralized despotism) set the pace for Africa; the French followed suit by changing from direct to indirect administration, while apartheid emerged relatively later. Apartheid, Mamdani shows, was actually the generic form of the colonial state in Africa.

Through case studies of rural (Uganda) and urban (South Africa) resistance movements, we learn how these institutional features fragment resistance and how states tend to play off reform in one sector against repression in the other. The result is a groundbreaking reassessment of colonial rule in Africa and its enduring aftereffects. Reforming a power that institutionally enforces tension between town and country, and between ethnicities, is the key challenge for anyone interested in democratic reform in Africa.

作者簡介

馬哈茂德·馬姆達尼是哥倫比亞大學赫伯特·雷曼政府學教授和馬凱雷爾社會研究所的執行主任。他的許多著作包括《公民與主體》（Princeton）和《拯救者與倖存者》（Crown）。

Mahmood Mamdani is the Herbert Lehman Professor of Government at Columbia University and executive director of the Makerere Institute of Social Research. His many books include Citizen and Subject (Princeton) and Saviors and Survivors (Crown).